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Atari800 R: Emulation Frequently Asked Questions
------------------------------------------------
Chris Martin
<atariguy1@comcast.net>
1. General Information
1.1 Q: What is an R: Device?
A: The R: device is typically a handler for an RS-232 serial port.
This serial port can be on an Atari 850, an MIO, Black Box or
P:R:Connection from ICD. Most handlers are the same with
subtle differences.
1.2 Q: What is the Atari 850?
A: The Atari 850 is a computer peripheral for the Atari 8-bit line
of computers that was released in 1980.
It was called an "Interface module" that connected to the SIO port.
It provided 4 RS-232 serial ports:
one was fully functional (R1:)
and 3 that did not provide all the RS-232 signals (R2:-R4:).
It also provided one parallel port (P1:).
1.3 Q: What features of the 850 are supported by Atari800?
A: Atari800 support several features of both the 850 hardware and the
R: handler. There are two modes of operation for the R: device
emulation: network sockets or serial port. I will talk more about
this below, but you can either use the host serial ports
(/dev/ttyS* under Linux) or network sockets (ports 9000-9003).
XIO calls (The following are the BASIC examples):
-------------------------------------------------
In each of the XIO calls below, 'channel' specifies the IOCB or
channel number (1-7) and "Rn" specifies the RS-232-C port,
where n = {1-4}.
- XIO 32 -
XIO 32, #channel, Aux1, Aux2, "Rn:"
(Not Implemented)
- XIO 34 -
XIO 34, #channel, Aux1, Aux2, "Rn:"
Aux1 bits do the following:
Aux1[7] = DTR control enable (active high)
Aux1[6] = Force DTR value
Aux1[5] = RTS control enable (active high)
Aux1[4] = Force RTS value
Aux1[3] = not used
Aux1[2] = not used
Aux1[1] = XMT control enable (active high)
Aux1[0] = Force XMT to SPACE (0) or MARK (1) * Not implemented
To force DTR off: Aux1 = 128
To force DTR on: Aux1 = 192
Aux2 is unused.
XIO 34 is really only used if using the serial port on the host,
if you are using network sockets, then changing DTR is the only
operation that you may perform. Turning DTR off, in this case,
will disconnect.
- XIO 36 -
XIO 36, #channel, Aux1, Aux2, "Rn:"
Aux1 select the Baud rate, the Word size and the stop bits.
Add the values listed below to obtain the BASIC number.
Aux1[3:0] = Baud rate where:
0 = 300 bps
1 = 57600 bps (was 45.5 bps in 850 spec)
2 = 50 bps
3 = 115200 bps (was 56.875 bps in 850 spec)
4 = 75 bps
5 = 110 bps
6 = 134.5 bps
7 = 150 bps
8 = 300 bps
9 = 600 bps
10 = 1200 bps
11 = 1800 bps
12 = 2400 bps
13 = 4800 bps
14 = 9600 bps
15 = 19200 bps
Aux1[5:4] = Word size where:
0 = 8 bits
1 = 7 bits
2 = 6 bits
3 = 5 bits
Aux1[6] = Select 230400 bps (feature added to Atari800)
Aux1[7] = Stop bits
0 = 1 stop bit
1 = 2 stop bits
Aux2 specifies whether or not the Interface Module should check
Data Set Ready (DSR), Clear to Send (CTS) and/or Carrier Detect (CD).
This function is currently not supported.
- XIO 38 -
XIO 38, #channel, Aux1, Aux2, "Rn:"
Aux1 Specifies te translation mode, input/output parity modes and
the append Line Feed option.
Aux1[1:0] = Output Parity (* Not Implemented)
0 = Do not change parity bit
1 = Set output parity odd
2 = Set output parity even
3 = Set output parity bit to 1
Aux1[3:2] = Input Parity
0 = Ignore and do not change Parity bit (NO PARITY)
1 = Set Parity to ODD
2 = Set Parity to EVEN
3 = Do not use Parity (NO PARITY)
Aux1[4] = Heavy Translation * Not Implemented
0 = Light Translation
1 = Heavy Translation
Aux1[5] = Translation
0 = Translation ON
1 = Translation off
Aux1[6] = Line Feeds
0 = Do not append LF
1 = Append LF after Carriage Return
Aux1[7] = Not Used
Aux2 is the numeric representation of the "won't translate" character
for heavy translation. (Not currently supported.)
- XIO 40 -
XIO 40, #channel, Aux1, Aux2, "Rn:"
XIO 40 starts concurrent I/O Mode.
Both Aux1 and Aux2 are used to specify an output buffer, but using
the specified input buffer is not currently supported. The default
256 byte internal buffer is use when both Aux1 and Aux2 = 0.
However, since using a different buffer is not supported, the
setting Aux1 or Aux2 to any value will not affect how this works.
Other BASIC commands:
---------------------
OPEN #Channel, Aux1, Aux2, "Rn:"
Aux1 specifies the direction of the port.
Aux1[7:4] = NOT USED.
Aux1[3] = Specifies Output when high.
Aux1[2] = Specifies Input when high.
Aux1[1] = NOT USED.
Aux1[0] = Specifies Concurrent I/O mode.
Aux2 is not used.
CLOSE #Channel
Closes the Serial port or the network connection.
GET, INPUT, PUT and PRINT - Use as normal
STATUS #Channel, AVAR
The STATUS command will update the memory locations 746-749.
Please read the meaning of these locations below.
AVAR is a variable that receives the status returned for the STATUS
call itself. This number will be the same as the ERROR code.
Atari Memory Address Locations:
-------------------------------
The following locations will be updated after a STATUS call (after
the STATUS function/routine runs).
0x2ea (746) - Error flags (* Not Implemented)
bit[7] = Received Data Framing Error
bit[6] = Received Data Byte Overrun Error
bit[5] = Received Data Parity Error
bit[4] = Received Data Buffer Overflow error
bit[3] = Illegal Option Combination Attempted
bit[2] = External Device Not Fully Ready Flag
bit[1] = Error On Block Data Transfer Out
bit[0] = Error On Command To Interface Module
0x2eb (747) - Concurrent I/O Mode:
Number of Characters in Input buffer (Low Byte)
Non-Concurrent I/O Mode: (* Not Implemented)
bit[7] = Data Set Ready (DSR) status during current
STATUS command. 0=DSR is low; 1=DSR is hi.
bit[6] = DSR status during last STATUS command.
bit[5] = Clear to Send (CTS) status during current
STATUS command. 0=CTS is low; 1=CTS is hi.
bit[4] = CTS status during last STATUS command.
bit[3] = CARRIER DETECT (CD) status during current
STATUS command. 0=CD is low; 1=CD is high.
bit[2] = CD status during last STATUS command.
bit[1] = NOT USED.
bit[0] = Data Receive (RCV) current status.
1 = MARK (1)
0 = SPACE (0)
0x2ec (748) - Concurrent I/O Mode:
Number of Characters in Input buffer (High Byte)
This is always zero in Atari800 since the input
buffer is only 256 bytes.
Non-Concurrent I/O Mode:
Always zero.
0x2ed (749) - Concurrent I/O Mode:
Number of Character in Output Buffer.
This is always zero in Atari800 since we always
output the character, so a write of more than
one character will not work.
Non-Concurrent I/O Mode:
Always Zero.
1.4 Q: What features of the 850 are not currently supported by Atari800?
A:
1. Cannot set RTS or XMT in XIO 34.
2. Cannot select 45.5 bps or 56.875 bps in XIO 36.
3. Cannot monitor DSR, CTS or CD in XIO 36.
4. Heavy ASCII/ATASCII translation.
5. Early force of short I/O block (XIO 32). This forces the output
buffer to be sent, but it is not currently implement as we now
always send after a write.
6. Cannot set output parity with XIO 38. The Output parity is set the
same as the input parity.
7. Using a different input buffer, as specified by XIO 40 is not supported.
I am not sure anyone ever used this anyway...
8. Not all functions return an error code if something fails.
Most of the functions should return an error to regY.
9. Error bits at location 746 are not implemented.
10. Although you can access each serial port or talk to the network to
a different socket, you cannot have more than one R: device
open at a time. For example, you cannot open R1: and R2: and expect
things to behave sanely. The reason for this is that currently
there is only one buffer for ALL serial ports.
11. Error reporting to address 747 during non-concurrent mode has
not been implemented. In fact non-concurrent mode has not been
tested! I invite you to test it and let me know!!!
1.5 Q: Is there a version of the 850 Operator's Manual On-line?
A: I am currently working on scanning the original Document. See below
in the links section.
1.6 Q: Do you have some example code?
A: Yes. Below are several BASIC programs taken from the 850 Operator's
Manual. Also included is a C program written by Christian Groessler
using the rs232 library for cc65 (www.cc65.org).
------------------------------------------------
RECEIVE PROGRAM
------------------------------------------------
110 DIM INLINE$(255)
200 REM
201 REM ==========
202 REM
210 LET TRANSLATE=32:REM [Full ATASCII]
220 XIO 38,#1,TRANSLATE,0,"R1:"
230 REM
240 PRINT "Receive file's full name";
250 INPUT INLINE$
260 OPEN #2,8.0,INLINE$
270 REM
280 OPEN #1,13,0,"R1:"
290 XIO 40,#1,0,0,"R1:":REM [Start I/0]
500 REM
501 REM ==========
502 REM
510 FOR ETERNITY=1 TO 2 STEP 0
520 REM
530 INPUT #1;INLINE$:REM [Get line]
540 CLOSE #1:REM [Stop I/O]
550 REM
560 IF INLINE$="EOF EOF EOF" THEN 900
570 REM
580 PRINT #2; INLINE$:REM [Save line]
590 PRINT INLINE$:REM [Echo onscreen]
600 REM
610 OPEN #1,13,0,"R1:"
620 XIO 40,#1,0,0,"R1:":REM [Start I/O]
630 PRINT #1:REM [Send reply]
640 REM
650 NEXT ETERNITY
900 REM
901 REM ==========
902 REM
910 CLOSE #2:REM [EOF received]
999 END
------------------------------------------------
SEND PROGRAM
------------------------------------------------
110 DIM OUTLINE$(255)
200 REM
201 REM ==========
202 REM
210 LET TRANSLATE=32:REM [Full ATASCII]
220 XIO 38,#2,TRANSLATE,0,"Rl:"
230 REM
240 PRINT "Send file's full name";
250 INPUT OUTLINE$
260 OPEN #1,4,0,OUTLINE$
500 REM
501 REM ==========
502 REM
510 FOR ETERNITY=1 TO 2 STEP 0
520 REM
530 TRAP 900:REM [Trap end file #1]
540 INPUT #1, OUTLINE$:REM [Get line]
550 PRINT OUTLINE$:REM [Echo onscreen]
560 REM
570 OPEN #2,13,0,"Rl:"
580 XIO 40,#2,0,0,"Rl":REM [Start I/O]
590 PRINT #2;OUTLINE$:REM [Send line]
600 INPUT #2;OUTLINE$:REM [Get reply]
610 CLOSE #2:REM [Stop I/O]
620 REM
630 NEXT ETERNITY
900 REM
901 REM ==========
902 REM
910 OPEN #2,8,0,"Rl:":REM [Send EOF]
920 PRINT #2;"EOF EOF EOF"
930 CLOSE #2:CLOSE #1:REM [All done]
999 END
------------------------------------------------
rs232t.c
------------------------------------------------
/* $Id$
*
* RS232 library test
* (c) by Christian Groessler, chris@groessler.org
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dbg.h>
#include <6502.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <rs232.h>
#include <time.h>
void main(void)
{
char err;
unsigned char c, baud, t;
do {
printf("\n");
printf("0 = 300baud\n");
printf("1 = 1200baud\n");
printf("2 = 2400baud\n");
printf("3 = 4800baud\n");
printf("4 = 9600baud\n");
printf("Enter type (0-4): ");
c = cgetc();
printf("%c\n",c);
} while (c < '0' || c > '4');
t = c - '0';
switch (t) {
case 0: baud = RS_BAUD_300; break;
case 1: baud = RS_BAUD_1200; break;
case 2: baud = RS_BAUD_2400; break;
case 3: baud = RS_BAUD_4800; break;
case 4: baud = RS_BAUD_9600; break;
}
err = rs232_init(0);
printf("rs232_init: %d\n", err);
err = rs232_params(baud | RS_BITS_8 | RS_STOP_1, RS_PAR_NONE);
printf("rs232_params: %d\n", err);
printf("waiting for stuff to arrive...\n");
/* display all received chars,
* send all typed chars to the other end,
* type ESC to exit
*/
while(1) {
if (kbhit()) {
c = cgetc();
if (c == CH_ESC) break;
else rs232_put(c);
}
if (rs232_get(&c) != RS_ERR_NO_DATA) cputc(c);
}
rs232_done();
}
------------------------------------------------
1.7 Q: What Atari programs use the R: device?
A:
Terminal programs: Bobterm, Ice-T, etc.
BBS programs: Express, Carina, etc.
Some Games: I know I saw a Modem Chess game back in the day.
I will have to find the ATR image of this.
1.8 Q: How does the Serial Port Version work?
A: Basically, in this mode, when you open R1: under Atari800, you will
open the first serial port on the host computer. Under Linux, this
will be /dev/ttyS0. Opening R2: will open /dev/ttyS1 and so on.
When you control the baud rate, parity, stop bits (with XIO 36), you
will control the host serial port. The same will all the other
configuration options, this will set those options on the host
serial port. This mode can be used to connect to a real MODEM, or
to use a null-modem cable to connect to you Linux host. The
null-modem could be used to run SLIP(Linux) and Contiki on Atari800.
The R: device emulation will take care of adding Line Feeds and
Light ASCII translation.
1.9 Q: How does the Network Sockets version work?
A: This mode works similarly to the Serial Port Version, except that
instead of connecting to the host serial ports you will connect
to a network socket. All configuration such as baud rate, parity
et cetera will be ignored, since these mean nothing in this mode.
Opening an R: device will open a network socket and allow other users
to "telnet" into Atari800. For example, if you open R1:, port 9000
will accept connections from other hosts (or the local host). R2: will
accept connections on 9001, and so on. Only one of these can
currently be opened at one time. (I may add support for
multiple R: devices later.) Allow others to connect to your
emulated Atari can be used to run an emulated BBS or to potentially
run a web server from Atari800.
Also included with the Network Sockets version of the R: Device
emulation is a somewhat handicapped Modem emulation. There are
only two commands that are implemented:
ATDL - Translates carrage returns into line feeds.
This may not be needed if the "add line feeds" in XIO 38
is used. But I found that it is not always used by terminal
programs, and thus some telnet and ftp servers expect
a line feed, causing you to not be able to do anything
once connected.
Typing 'ATDL' in a terminal program such as Bobterm or Ice-T
will toggle CR translation on/off.
ATDI <address name|ip address> <port #>
This command allows you to "dial" out to an external host.
For example you can connect to my BBS by typing the following:
'ATDI jybolac.homelinux.com 800'
This connects Atari800 to the external host
'jybolac.homelinux.com' at port 800.
These commands were chosen to somewhat look like modem 'AT' commands.
The R: device emulation will take care of adding Line Feeds and
Light ASCII translation, same as in the Serial Port Version.
1.10 Q: Who wrote the R: Device Emulation?
A: Tom Hunt wrote the original network sockets version. I, Chris Martin,
updated that code, added the simple modem emulation and added code
to access the serial ports on the host computer via the R: device. I
also added ASCII/ATASCII translation.
1.11 Q: Do you have any URLs for more information?
A: Sure!
I am working on scanning and placing the Atari 850 Operator's Manual
online here:
http://jybolac.virtualave.net/atari/850man/
The MIO documentation has some great info that still applies to
the 850:
http://www.1000bit.net/support/manuali/atari/pdf/icd_mio.pdf
The Black-Box Documentation has some great info on the 850 as well:
http://nleaudio.com/css/products/BB_Docs.htm
Some Atari Magazine Articles:
http://www.atarimagazines.com/creative/v9n6/177_A_letter_quality_alternat.php
The JL-BASIC Manual:
http://www.jeff-jackson.com/Atari/JLS_Manual.html
Mapping the Atari will show some information about some R:-related
addresses (746-747) and IOCB:
http://www.atariarchives.org/mapping/memorymap.php